الكاتب: Multiple References

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a conotruncal malformation where both great arteries arise from the right ventricle. Anatomic variations of DORV are classified according to the position of the great arteries in relation to each other, the relationship between a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the great arteries, and the presence and degree of pulmonary stenosis.1 The prevalence of congenital cardiac defects in bovine fetuses has been reported at approximately 0.7 %, with VSDs representing the most common congenital cardiac defect.2 DORV has been described in veterinary literature in few cats and dogs,3–6 a foal,7 and 2 calves8,9 with variable clinical and pathologic documentation. In this report, we describe the angiographic, echocardiographic, and postmortem examination findings in a calf with a DORV with concurrent pulmonary stenosis, subaortic VSD, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), aberrant left subclavian artery, and a tracheal malformation.